Vehicle vision system having adjustable displayed field of view

ABSTRACT

A vision system for a vehicle is provided including a camera for capturing images within a field of view; a display device movably mounted relative to the vehicle for displaying a portion of the field of view of the camera; a movement sensor for sensing movement of the display device; and a processing circuit in communication with the movement sensor, the display device, and the camera for selecting the portion of the field of view to be displayed on the display device in response to movement of the display device as sensed by the movement sensor.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/978,635 filed Dec. 22, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,744,907, whichclaims priority to and the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/097,315, filed on Dec. 29, 2014,entitled “VEHICLE VISION SYSTEM HAVING ADJUSTABLE DISPLAYED FIELD OFVIEW,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein byreference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to a vehicle vision system and,more particularly, a vehicle vision system where a display is movablerelative to the vehicle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of the present invention, a vehicle displaysystem is provided for displaying images captured by a camera associatedwith a vehicle, wherein the camera has a field of view. The displaysystem comprises a rearview assembly and a processing circuit. Therearview assembly comprises a mounting structure configured for mountingto the vehicle; a movable head pivotably attached to the mountingstructure; a display device positioned within the movable head fordisplaying a portion of the field of view of the camera; and a movementsensor for sensing movement of the movable head. The processing circuitis in communication with the movement sensor and the display device forselecting the portion of the field of view to be displayed on thedisplay device in response to movement of the movable head as sensed bythe movement sensor.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a vision systemfor a vehicle is provided comprising a camera for capturing imageswithin a field of view; a display device movably mounted relative to thevehicle for displaying a portion of the field of view of the camera; amovement sensor for sensing movement of the display device; and aprocessing circuit in communication with the movement sensor, thedisplay device, and the camera for selecting the portion of the field ofview to be displayed on the display device in response to movement ofthe display device as sensed by the movement sensor.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle displaysystem is provided for displaying images captured by a camera associatedwith a vehicle, wherein the camera has a field of view. The displaysystem comprises a user input; a display device for displaying a portionof the field of view of the camera; and a processing circuit incommunication with the user input and the display device for selectingthe portion of the field of view to be displayed on the display devicein response to movement of the user input.

These and other features, advantages, and objects of the presentinvention will be further understood and appreciated by those skilled inthe art by reference to the following specification, claims, andappended drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from thedetailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an electrical diagram in block form of a vehicle visionsystem;

FIG. 2A is an electrical diagram in block form of a more detailedvehicle vision system according to one implementation;

FIG. 2B is an electrical diagram in block form of a more detailedvehicle vision system according to an alternative implementation;

FIG. 3A is a front elevational view of a rearview assembly including areverse camera display;

FIG. 3B is a front elevational view of a rearview assembly including afull display mirror;

FIG. 4A is an illustration of a mirror image of a camera field of viewwith a display field of view superimposed in a first position;

FIG. 4B is an illustration of a mirror image of a camera field of viewwith a display field of view superimposed in a second position;

FIG. 4C is an illustration of a mirror image of a camera field of viewwith a display field of view superimposed in a third position;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a rearview assembly;

FIG. 6A is a side elevational view of a movement sensor used in therearview assembly of FIG. 5;

FIG. 6B is another side elevational view of the movement sensor shown inFIG. 6A; and

FIG. 6C is a perspective view of the movement sensor shown in FIGS. 6Aand 6B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The present illustrated embodiments reside primarily in combinations ofmethod steps and apparatus components related to a vehicle visionsystem, particularly one having a display device in a vehicle rearviewassembly. Accordingly, the apparatus components and method steps havebeen represented, where appropriate, by conventional symbols in thedrawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent tounderstanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not toobscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent tothose of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the descriptionherein. Further, like numerals in the description and drawings representlike elements.

For purposes of description herein, the terms “upper,” “lower,” “right,”“left,” “rear,” “front,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” and derivativesthereof shall relate to the invention as oriented in FIGS. 3A and 3B.Unless stated otherwise, the term “front” shall refer to the surface ofthe element closer to an intended viewer of the rearview assembly, andthe term “rear” shall refer to the surface of the element further fromthe intended viewer of the rearview assembly. However, it is to beunderstood that the invention may assume various alternativeorientations, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It isalso to be understood that the specific devices and processesillustrated in the attached drawings and described in the followingspecification are simply exemplary embodiments of the inventive conceptsdefined in the appended claims. Hence, specific dimensions and otherphysical characteristics relating to the embodiments disclosed hereinare not to be considered as limiting, unless the claims expressly stateotherwise.

The terms “including,” “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variationthereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that aprocess, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elementsdoes not include only those elements but may include other elements notexpressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, orapparatus. An element preceded by “comprises . . . a” does not, withoutmore constraints, preclude the existence of additional identicalelements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprisesthe element.

The embodiments described herein relate to a vehicle vision system.Vehicle vision systems are known in which a camera is mounted to avehicle for capturing images for display on a display device positionedin the vehicle for viewing by the driver of the vehicle. In some ofthese vehicle vision systems, the display is located in the insiderearview mirror assembly. Such displays may be smaller in size than themirror element and positioned behind the mirror element such that imagesgenerated by the display may be seen through the mirror element when thedisplay is activated. Further, the mirror element may be transflectiveso as to hide the display when not activated. In some such visionsystems, the function of the display is that of a reverse camera display(RCD) in which the display is activated when the vehicle is placed inreverse and displays images from a rearward facing camera for as long asthe vehicle remains in reverse or for a predetermined time thereafter.These RCDs typically have a viewing area less than that of the mirrorelement. Examples of RCDs are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,339,526 andUnited States Patent Application Publication No. US 2009/0096937 A1, theentire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.

Some vehicle vision systems are designed to have a display that has anarea substantially corresponding to the mirror element. In these systemsthe display is configured to display images from a rearward-facingcamera whenever activated by the driver. Examples of these “full displaymirrors” (FDMs) are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,339,526; and UnitedStates Patent Application Publication Nos. US 2009/0096937 A1, US2015/0266427 A1, and US 2015/0277203 A1, the entire disclosures of whichare incorporated by reference.

In vehicle vision systems it may be desired from an acceptancestandpoint to have the displayed images simulate the images one wouldsee from reflections from a conventional mirror. On the other hand, itmay be desirable from a safety standpoint to display a greater field ofview than would be seen with a conventional mirror. This latterobjective is possible insofar as the camera is typically mounted outsidethe vehicle so as to not have its field of view obscured by objects inthe vehicle or the rear pillars of the vehicle that are adjacent therear window. To accommodate these seemingly incompatible goals, theembodiments described herein allow the driver to select the field ofview to be displayed. As described below, this may be accomplished bychanging the field of view as the driver moves the mirror housing or asthe driver manipulates a user input. The change in field of view may beperformed in a manner that simulates the change in field of view thatthe driver would otherwise experience when moving a conventional mirrorhousing.

An example of a vehicle vision system 10 is shown in FIG. 1. As shown,vehicle vision system 10 includes a camera system 20 and a displaysystem 30. The camera system 20 and display system 30 are shown as twoseparate systems insofar as they may be located in separate locations ofthe vehicle and disposed in different vehicle components or accessories.For example, as described further below, display system 30 may bedisposed in a rearview assembly 100 (FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 5) whereas camerasystem 20 may be disposed at the rear and/or sides of the vehicle.

FIGS. 2A and 2B show two different implementations of the embodimentsdescribed herein. In the implementation shown in FIG. 2A, camera system20 includes a camera 25 that captures images of a field of view. Displaysystem 30 includes a movement sensor 32, display drivers 34, a displaydevice 35, and a processing circuit 40. Display device 35 is configuredto display a portion of the field of view captured by the camera.Display system 30 may be wholly or partially disposed in the vehiclesuch that display device 35 is movably mounted relative to the vehicle.Movement sensor 32 is provided for sensing movement of display device35. As described in detail below, processing circuit 40 is incommunication with movement sensor 32, display device 35 (via displaydrivers 34), and camera 25 for selecting the portion of the field ofview to be displayed on display device 35 in response to movement ofdisplay device 35 as sensed by movement sensor 32.

The implementation shown in FIG. 2B differs from the implementationshown in FIG. 2A in that processing circuit 40 is part of camera system20 and may therefore be located in the same vehicle component oraccessory as camera 25. In this implementation, processing circuit 40receives output from movement sensor 32 via a vehicle bus or discreteconnection, and selects the portion of the field of view to be displayedon display device 35 in response to movement of display device 35 assensed by movement sensor 32. An optional processor 42 may be providedin display system 30 to facilitate communication with processing circuit40 and to perform any other processing functions for the component inwhich display system 30 is disposed. For example, if provided in arearview assembly, processor 42 may be configured to compute a headingfrom compass sensors, control dimming of an electro-optic mirrorelement, or perform any other function commonly executed by a processorin a mirror housing. Although shown as being part of either camerasystem 20 or display system 30, processing circuit 40 may be locatedseparate from either system.

As mentioned above, display system 30 may be mounted in a rearviewassembly 100. As shown in FIG. 3A, rearview assembly 100 may includedisplay device 35 disposed in a mirror housing 120 and positioned andsized so as to function as an RCD in which the display area is smallerthan the total viewable area of the rearview assembly. Rearview assembly100 may include a mirror element 140 disposed in mirror housing 120 infront of or behind display device 35 such that rearview assembly 100functions as a rearview mirror assembly. Mirror element 140 may includea transmissive window 141 (FIG. 5) in front of display device 35 suchthat displayed images from display device 35 may be seen through mirrorelement 140. Mirror element 140 may be transflective over its entireviewable area or within window 141 such that display device 35 is hiddenwhen not activated.

As shown in FIG. 3B, rearview assembly 100 may include display device 35disposed in mirror housing 120 and positioned and sized so as tofunction as an FDM in which the display area is substantially the samesize as the total viewable area of the rearview assembly. Mirror element140 may be transflective over its entire viewable area such that displaydevice 35 is hidden when not activated. For both RCD and FDM versions ofrearview assembly 100, a user-actuated switch 200 may be provided foractivating or deactivating display device 35 in the manner disclosed inUnited States Patent Application Publication Nos. US 2009/0096937 A1, US2015/0266427 A1 and US 2015/0277203 A1, the entire disclosures of whichare incorporated herein by reference. To the extent that user activationof switch 200 may cause movement of display device 35, any movementsensed by movement sensor 32 may be overridden if actuation of switch200 is detected since such actuation would otherwise deactivate displaydevice 35 or activate it from a previously deactivated state.

FIG. 4A shows an example of a mirror-imaged (or reversed) field of view80 of camera 25 with a portion 82 a of field of view 80 shown in dashedlines. The portion 82 a is intended to show the portion of the field ofview that is displayed on display device 35. As illustrated, the camerafield of view 80 is larger than the portion 82 a to be displayed. Asexplained above, it may be desirable to simulate a rearview mirror,particularly when the display is configured as an FDM. Because arearward-facing camera captures images directly to the rear as opposedto a mirror image as would be seen by a driver, it may be desirable toreverse the images captured by the camera before displaying on display35 so that the displayed images appear as they would when reflected froma mirror. Further, in a rearview mirror assembly with just a mirrorelement, movement of the mirror housing 120 changes the field of view asseen by the driver. However, in conventional FDMs, movement of themirror housing does not cause the displayed field of view to change asthe camera remains stationary relative to the vehicle. Accordingly,processing circuit 40 is provided and configured to select the portion82 a of the camera field of view 80 that is to be displayed on displaydevice 35 in response to any movement sensed by movement sensor 32.Thus, for example, in response to horizontal rotation of mirror housing120, processing circuit 40 shifts the displayed field of view byselecting a portion 82 b (FIG. 4B) of field of view 80 that ishorizontally shifted from the prior displayed portion 82 a (FIG. 4A).The portion displayed may be gradually and continuously shifted to mimicthe change in field of view if moving a mirror element in the samemanner. Similarly, in response to vertical tilting of mirror housing120, processing circuit 40 shifts the displayed field of view byselecting a portion 82 c (FIG. 4C) of field of view 80 that isvertically shifted from the prior portion 82 a (FIG. 4A).

Although a single field of view of a single camera is described above,the field of view 80 may be a composite field of view from multiplecameras with the images merged together to form one seamless panoramicimage. Thus, movement of mirror housing 120 may enable or disabledifferent cameras or otherwise select from the fields of view ofparticular cameras such that movement of mirror housing 120 causes thefield of view of display device 35 to effectively pan across the muchlarger panoramic field of view. It should be noted that auser-selectable mechanism may also be provided to allow a driver to zoomin or out the displayed field of view.

It should further be appreciated that the displayed field of view may bevaried through movement of the mirror housing 120 by causing the camera25 to pan and tilt if capable of doing so.

FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of an exemplary rearview assembly 100. Asshown, rearview assembly 100 includes mirror housing 120, a mountingstructure 445 for pivotally mounting mirror housing 120 to the vehiclesuch that mirror housing 120 may be both vertically and horizontallytilted relative to the vehicle. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 240represents a windshield of the vehicle to which a mounting foot 450 ofmounting structure 445 may be secured. It will be understood by thoseskilled in the art that mounting structure 445 may alternatively besecured to the roof structure of the vehicle above the windshield. Insome applications, a single ball mount is preferable so thatmeasurements of the rotational position on the single ball accuratelyindicate the position of the mirror in the vehicle. Mounting structure445 further includes a mounting ball 501 and a mounting stem 502extending between ball 501 and mounting foot 450.

Mirror element 140 is mounted in mirror housing 120. An optional compasssensor 320 may be disposed in mirror housing 120 and coupled toprocessing circuit 40 (or processor 42). Compass sensor 320 generallyincludes an X-axis magnetic field sensor 440, a Y-axis magnetic fieldsensor 460, and an optional Z-axis sensor (not shown). Sensors 440 and460, as well as processing circuit 40, may be mounted on a printedcircuit board 160.

Display device 35 is fixedly mounted in mirror housing 120 and mayeither be mounted on a front surface of printed circuit board 160 or tothe rear surface of the mirror element so as to project light through awindow portion 141 provided in the reflective surface of mirror element140. Display device 35 may alternatively be mounted on a daughtercircuit board (not shown). Further, display device 35 may be mounted infront of mirror element 140.

Mirror element 140 may be an electro-optic mirror. The sensors andcircuitry for automatically varying the transmittance and hencereflectivity of electro-optic mirror element 140 may also be mounted onprinted circuit board 160. Such circuitry may be coupled to mirror 140via wires 142 in any conventional manner.

As mentioned above, rearview assembly 100 further includes movementsensor 32 for detecting when mirror housing 120 and hence display device35 have been moved from a prior position. Movement sensor 32 thengenerates and transmits a movement detection signal to processingcircuit 40 such that processing circuit 40 may take into account thefact that the mirror housing 120 and hence display device 35 have beentilted when selecting a portion of the camera field of view to display.

Movement sensor 32 may have any configuration capable of sensingmovement of mirror housing 120. Examples of movement sensors for sensingmovement of a mirror housing are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,140,933,the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. An exampleof one such movement sensor disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,140,933 isdescribed below with reference to FIGS. 6A-6C.

In FIGS. 6A and 6B, a pivot ball 501 for a single ball mirror mount 445(FIG. 5), a portion of circuit board 160, and the components used tomeasure the position of the mirror housing 120 on the mount are shown.Ball 501 is attached to the automobile by stem 502 via a mountingbracket 450 (FIG. 5). The assembly is viewed from the side. A target 501a is provided on the pivot ball 501. Two of four LEDs, 506 and 507, areshown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, and are respectively disposed below and abovea sensor 516 and are used for sensing vertical movement of mirrorhousing 120. These LEDs may be momentarily lighted one at a time, andthe light individually reflected off of target 501 a by each of the LEDsis measured by sensor 516, which may be a photodiode. As shown in FIG.6C, movement sensor 32 may further include LEDs 508 and 509 laterallydisposed on either side of sensor 516 for sensing horizontal movement ofmirror housing 120.

Target 501 a may be a white spot provided on a black or dark ball 501.Conversely, the target could be a black spot on a white or highlyreflective ball 501. Basically, the target can be any color thatcontrasts with the mirror ball, where “color” is defined as thereflectance at the light spectrum being used. In general, it is thecontrast difference between the target region 501 a and the surroundingarea that is being measured. The target can be painted on ball 501, aseparate plastic member, an adhesive sticker, or even a variation insurface texture of ball 501. Additionally, a void can be molded intoball 501 that appears as a black target on a light background. Further,ball 501 may be made of metal and have a portion mirrored to serve astarget 501 a.

Movement sensor 32 may also be provided by way of a magnetic fieldsensor such as a three-axis compass sensor provided in the mirrorhousing 120 as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,928,366, the entiredisclosure of which is incorporated by reference. It may also bedesirable to provide capacitive touch sensors at locations on the topand bottom of mirror housing 120 where a driver is likely to graspmirror housing 120 for purposes of moving it. Such capacitive touchsensors would thus provide additional information for processing circuit40 to ascertain that the mirror housing 120 has been moved by thedriver.

Although the embodiments are described above as being adapted for usewith an interior rearview assembly, the display device may likewise bepositioned in an exterior rearview assembly. In this case, because mostvehicles do not require a driver to physically move an outside mirrorelement, movement sensor 32 (FIG. 1) may be part of a user input 31 soas to sense movement of a user input mechanism 33. User input mechanism33 may take the form of any conventional mechanism used to move outsidemirrors such as a joystick or multiple switches for moving the mirrorelement right, left, up, and down. Movement sensor 32 may thus beconfigured differently depending upon the form of user input mechanism33 that is used and may be constructed in the same manner as forconventional mirror position switches. The main difference between thisarrangement and conventional arrangements is that processing circuit 40responds to user input 31 by selecting the portion of the field of viewto be displayed on display device 35. This may avoid the need for amotor pack that would otherwise be required to physically move aconventional exterior mirror element.

Although the use of such input 31 has been described with respect toexterior mirror assemblies, user input 31 may be provided to adjust thefield of view shown on display device 35 when positioned in an interiorlocation such as the interior rearview assembly 100 described above.Moreover, the same user input 31 may be used for interior rearviewassembly 100 and both exterior assemblies by providing a selector switchso as to select the display on which the field of view is to beadjusted.

The above description is considered that of the preferred embodimentsonly. Modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in theart and to those who make or use the invention. Therefore, it isunderstood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and describedabove are merely for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit thescope of the invention, which is defined by the claims as interpretedaccording to the principles of patent law, including the doctrine ofequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A vehicle display system for displaying imagescaptured by a camera associated with a vehicle, wherein the camera has afield of view, the display system comprising: a rearview assemblycomprising: a mounting structure configured for mounting to the vehicle;a movable head pivotably attached to said mounting structure; a displaydevice positioned within said movable head for displaying a portion ofthe field of view of the camera; a movement sensor for sensing movementof said movable head; at least one capacitive touch sensor disposed onsaid movable head; and a processing circuit in communication with saidat least one capacitive touch sensor, said movement sensor, and saiddisplay device for adjusting a field of view to be displayed on saiddisplay device in response to movement of said movable head as sensed bysaid movement sensor and in response to activation of the at least onecapacitive touch sensor.
 2. The vehicle display system of claim 1,wherein the at least one capacitive touch sensor includes a firstcapacitive touch sensor disposed along a top of the movable head and asecond capacitive touch sensor disposed along a bottom of the movablehead.
 3. The vehicle display system of claim 1, wherein said processingcircuit shifts the field of view horizontally when said movable head ismoved horizontally.
 4. The vehicle display system of claim 1, whereinsaid processing circuit shifts the field of view vertically when saidmovable head is moved vertically.
 5. The vehicle display system of claim1, wherein said mounting structure includes a ball for mounting to saidmovable head, said movement sensor comprises: a target provided on anarea of said ball of said mounting structure, said target having adifferent visual characteristic than other surrounding areas of saidball; a light source for projecting light onto said ball; and aphotodetector for detecting the level of light reflected from said ball,wherein said processing circuit is coupled to said photodetector forsensing movement of said movable head when the level of reflected lightdetected by said photodetector changes.
 6. The vehicle display system ofclaim 1 and further comprising a mirror element disposed in said movablehead, wherein said display device is positioned adjacent said mirrorelement.
 7. The vehicle display system of claim 1, wherein saidprocessing circuit is mounted in said movable head.
 8. A vision systemfor a vehicle comprising: a camera for capturing images within a fieldof view; a display device movably mounted relative to the vehicle fordisplaying a portion of the field of view of said camera; a movementsensor for sensing movement of said display device; a first capacitivetouch sensor disposed along a top of the display device; a secondcapacitive touch sensor disposed along a bottom of the display device;and a processing circuit in communication with the first and secondcapacitive touch sensors, said movement sensor, said display device, andsaid camera for adjusting a field of view to be displayed on saiddisplay device in response to movement of said display device as sensedby said movement sensor and in response to activation of at least one ofthe first and second capacitive touch sensors.
 9. The vision system ofclaim 8, wherein said display device is disposed in a mirror housing ofa rearview mirror assembly, and wherein said movement sensor sensesmovement of said display device by sensing movement of said mirrorhousing.
 10. The vision system of claim 9, wherein said processingcircuit is disposed in said mirror housing.
 11. The vision system ofclaim 8, wherein said processing circuit shifts the field of viewhorizontally when said display device is moved horizontally.
 12. Thevision system of claim 8, wherein said processing circuit shifts thefield of view vertically when said display device is moved vertically.13. The vision system of claim 9, wherein said rearview mirror assemblycomprises a mounting structure configured for mounting to the vehicle,said mounting structure includes a ball for mounting to said mirrorhousing, wherein said movement sensor comprises: a target provided on anarea of said ball of said mounting structure, said target having adifferent visual characteristic than other surrounding areas of saidball; a light source for projecting light onto said ball; and aphotodetector for detecting the level of light reflected from said ball,wherein said processing circuit is coupled to said photodetector forsensing movement of said mirror housing when the level of reflectedlight detected by said photodetector changes.
 14. The vision system ofclaim 9 and further comprising a mirror element disposed in said mirrorhousing, wherein said display device is positioned adjacent said mirrorelement.
 15. The vision system of claim 8, wherein said camera ismounted in a camera module disposed at a rear of the vehicle.
 16. Thevision system of claim 15, wherein said processing circuit is disposedin the camera module.
 17. The vision system of claim 9, wherein saidmovement sensor comprises a magnetic field sensor provided in saidmirror housing.
 18. An exterior rearview display system for a vehiclefor displaying images captured by a camera associated with the vehicle,wherein the camera has a field of view, the exterior rearview displaysystem comprising: a user input located on the interior of a vehicle; adisplay device for displaying a portion of the field of view of saidcamera, the display device disposed on an exterior of the vehicle; and aprocessing circuit in communication with said user input and saiddisplay device for selecting the portion of the field of view to bedisplayed on said display device in response to said user input.
 19. Theexterior rearview display system of claim 18, wherein said processingcircuit shifts the portion of the field of view both horizontally andvertically in response to said user input.